Bibliography of KT4D Social Risk Toolkit Module A: AI, free will and autonomy

Others results you might be interested in

AI and Culture Critical Digital Citizenship Ethics and Trust in AI Freedom and Manipulation Inclusive Digital Democracy Personal Data and User Profiling Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Industry Public Authority SSH Researcher

Policy Brief - Culture's Role in Navigating Technological Change

The policy brief published by KT4D suggests that examining culture allows for a deeper understanding of societal responses to AI development.

Effect of Technology: Culture, Democracy, Individuals, Law

Democratic values: Transparency, Trust

Format: External link

AI and Awareness AI and Culture Algorithmic Accountability Citizen Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Industry SSH Researcher

Individual Aspects of the AI challenges

The aim of the first three modules of KT4D’s Social Risk Toolkit thus focuses on the individual aspects of this challenge and is multifaceted.

Effect of Technology: Culture, Democracy, Individuals, Society

Democratic values: Transparency, Trust

Format: External link

Personal Data and User Profiling Citizen Computer Scientist Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Industry Public Authority SSH Researcher

What are Knowledge Technologies?

Knowledge technologies, as distinct from information technologies, have been defined in the Module C of the social risk toolkit.

Democratic values: Transparency, Trust

Personal Data and User Profiling Citizen Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Computer Scientist Industry Public Authority SSH Researcher

The value of democracy

There are both instrumental and intrinsic reasons to value democracy. In short, democracy is valuable instrumentally because

Effect of Technology: Agency, Culture, Democracy, Epistemic effect, Inclusion/Exclusion, Individuals, Legitimacy, Opacity, Society

Democratic values: Accountability, Deliberation, Equality, Fairness, Participation, Pluralism, Rule of Law, Transparency, Trust

Format: External link

Personal Data and User Profiling Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Industry Public Authority SSH Researcher

Risks for the use of personal data and user profiling

2.1 Equality

Equality is by-and-large considered both a positive aspect of democracy, and a necessary feature for democracy.

Effect of Technology: Agency, Bias, Disinformation & Misinformation, Epistemic effect, Inclusion/Exclusion, Individuals, Opacity, Polarisation, Privacy, Society, Surveillance

Democratic values: Accountability, Deliberation, Equality, Fairness, Participation, Transparency, Trust

Format: External link

Personal Data and User Profiling Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Industry Public Authority SSH Researcher

How should tech be regulated?

Companies have significant influence over public discourse in online platforms, necessitating that the algorithms that shape these online platforms should be regulated and constrained to sufficiently consider the public interest (Susskind, 2018: 350).

Effect of Technology: Concentration of Power, Legitimacy

Democratic values: Accountability, Equality, Fairness, Trust

Format: External link

Personal Data and User Profiling Computer Scientist Industry SSH Researcher

Legal and regulatory frameworks related to personal data and user profiling

The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of how AI, big data and frontier technologies impact rights from the data protection perspective.

Effect of Technology: Law, Privacy, Surveillance

Democratic values: Equality, Fairness, Rule of Law, Transparency, Trust

Format: External link

Freedom and Manipulation Personal Data and User Profiling Citizen Computer Scientist Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Industry Public Authority SSH Researcher

What is freedom?

When we think of freedom or ‘liberty’ we typically think of it in certain ways: e.g., freedom to act as we please, freedom from harm or interference, freedom of thought, or freedom to be a member of a community (Susskind, 2018: 165).

Effect of Technology: Democracy, Individuals, Society, Surveillance

Format: External link

Critical Digital Citizenship Ethics and Trust in AI Freedom and Manipulation Public Authority SSH Researcher

KT4D: AI, free will and autonomy - Introduction & Literature review

The source, which comprises excerpts from Module A of the KT4D Social Risk Toolkit, explores the complex challenge presented by artificial intelligence to individual autonomy and free will within modern society.

Effect of Technology: Agency, Autonomy, Bias, Disinformation & Misinformation, Epistemic effect, Individuals, Polarisation

Democratic values: Accountability, Pluralism, Trust

Format: PDFs

Critical Digital Citizenship Ethics and Trust in AI Freedom and Manipulation Computer Scientist SSH Researcher

Experiments on critical thinking, autonomy and AI

The experimental component of Module A aims to further characterise internet users' behaviours when faced with online choices potentially undermining their autonomy: how people evaluate AI-generated information and/or content selected through AI-based algorithms, and how people are influenced by

Effect of Technology: Agency, Autonomy, Bias, Disinformation & Misinformation, Epistemic effect, Inclusion/Exclusion, Polarisation

Democratic values: Accountability, Trust

Format: PDFs

Critical Digital Citizenship Freedom and Manipulation Citizen Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Computer Scientist Industry Public Authority SSH Researcher

Risks to individual freedoms of speech and action

Since our liberal democracies generally employ forms of representativeness to their institutions, the impact of AI on free and fair elections is also one of the key ways in which technology affects our polities.

Effect of Technology: Agency, Autonomy, Bias, Disinformation & Misinformation, Epistemic effect, Inclusion/Exclusion, Individuals, Polarisation, Privacy, Society, Surveillance

Democratic values: Accountability, Deliberation, Equality, Fairness, Participation, Transparency, Trust

Format: PDFs

Critical Digital Citizenship Ethics and Trust in AI Freedom and Manipulation Public Authority SSH Researcher

The impact of social networks and misinformation on citizens’ opinions and attitudes

This document adopts a psychological and cognitive perspective on misinformation and disinformation, focusing on the interaction between cognitive biases, emotional motivations, social communication goals, and contemporary information environments

Effect of Technology: Agency, Autonomy, Bias, Disinformation & Misinformation, Epistemic effect, Individuals, Polarisation

Democratic values: Accountability, Pluralism, Trust

Format: External link, PDFs

Critical Digital Citizenship Ethics and Trust in AI Freedom and Manipulation Public Authority SSH Researcher

Individuals' autonomy in their  online choices

This document examines autonomy as a form of agentive control grounded in attention regulation, goal-directed action, and reflexivity.

Effect of Technology: Agency, Autonomy, Bias, Disinformation & Misinformation, Epistemic effect, Individuals, Polarisation

Democratic values: Accountability, Pluralism, Trust

Format: External link, PDFs

AI and Awareness Ethics and Trust in AI Public Authority SSH Researcher

Bibliography of KT4D Social Risk Toolkit Module B: AI, trust and awareness

Module B focuses on the risks AI poses for social fairness and trust: how the use of AI-based tools can generate inequality or dishonesty, particularly when human productions differ in nature (e.g. creative vs.

Effect of Technology: Agency, Individuals, Legitimacy, Society

Democratic values: Equality, Fairness, Trust

Format: External link, PDFs

AI and Awareness Public Authority SSH Researcher

Consequences of AI-based technologies for the quality of public deliberation

This document examines how AI-driven content curation and recommendation systems affect the quality of public deliberation.

Effect of Technology: Agency, Individuals, Legitimacy, Society

Democratic values: Equality, Fairness, Trust

Format: External link, PDFs

Citizen Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Computer Scientist Public Authority SSH Researcher

When Efficiency Gets in the Way of Democracy

Sub-chapter of DDL Handbook on the tension between efficiency paradigm and democracy

Effect of Technology: Democracy, Legitimacy, Opacity, Society

Democratic values: Deliberation, Participation, Trust

Citizen Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Computer Scientist Public Authority SSH Researcher

What Makes a Democratic Process Work? Distinguishing Efficiency from Efficacy

Describes the difference between efficiency and democratic effectiveness

Effect of Technology: Agency, Culture, Democracy, Legitimacy

Democratic values: Deliberation, Participation, Transparency, Trust

Format: External link, PDFs

Citizen Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Computer Scientist Public Authority SSH Researcher

Democracy-in-the-Loop: A New Logic for Digital Participation (Recipe 1 of 5 from the Digital Democracy Lab Handbook)

Recipe series. 1st describing DITL

Effect of Technology: Agency, Democracy, Legitimacy, Opacity

Democratic values: Deliberation, Participation, Pluralism, Trust

Format: External link, PDFs

Citizen Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Public Authority

When You’re Asked to Use AI: Navigating the Invitation (Recipe 2 of 5 from the Digital Democracy Lab Handbook)

On navigating a request to use AI in a deliberative setting

Effect of Technology: Agency, Bias, Democracy, Legitimacy

Democratic values: Accountability, Fairness, Participation, Trust

Format: External link, PDFs

Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Computer Scientist Public Authority SSH Researcher

Designing AI for Democracy, Not Just for Functionality (Recipe 3 of 5 from the Digital Democracy Lab Handbook)

Designing tech with friction

Effect of Technology: Agency, Bias, Legitimacy, Opacity

Democratic values: Accountability, Deliberation, Transparency, Trust

Format: External link, PDFs

Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Public Authority

Designing the Whole Process: Embedding AI Without Undermining Democracy (Recipe from the Digital Democracy Lab Handbook)

This recipe is about designing an entire democratic process—not just the AI tool within it. When AI is introduced into a deliberative setting, the surrounding process needs to change too: not just to make the AI work, but to make sure the democracy works.

Effect of Technology: Democracy, Epistemic effect, Inclusion/Exclusion, Legitimacy

Democratic values: Participation, Transparency, Trust

Format: External link, PDFs

Citizen Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Public Authority

Facilitating with AI in the Room (Recipe from the Digital Democracy Lab Handbook)

Being a facilitator in a deliberative process using AI

Effect of Technology: Agency, Epistemic effect, Legitimacy, Opacity

Democratic values: Accountability, Deliberation, Participation, Trust

Format: External link, PDFs

AI and Culture Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner SSH Researcher

Module C: Historical perspective – Methodology

We adopt a systematic approach to map the entanglement between past and present knowledge technologies and culture. Unlike many contemporary discussions that focus on specific issues or technological applications (such as deepfakes or photo manipulation), we map the entirety of past and present knowledge technologies to identify trends, general divergences, and similarities.

Effect of Technology: Culture, Democracy, Individuals, Society

AI and Culture Citizen Computer Scientist Public Authority SSH Researcher

Module C: Historical perspective – Free Will and Autonomy

This section considers how people’s autonomy and free will are hindered or supported by past and present KTs. By focusing on the structural level, we will examine systemic issues such as monopolies over KTs, data extraction and colonialism, labour, and political participation.

Effect of Technology: Agency, Autonomy, Concentration of Power, Culture, Individuals

Democratic values: Accountability, Participation, Pluralism

Format: External link, PDFs

AI and Culture Citizen Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Computer Scientist Public Authority SSH Researcher

Module C: Historical perspective – Attention

This section analyses how different knowledge technologies impact people’s attention and, consequently, their decisions regarding which information is worth storing and remembering, and which is instead forgotten or not even registered in the first place.

Effect of Technology: Bias, Culture, Epistemic effect, Individuals, Legitimacy, Polarisation

Democratic values: Deliberation, Transparency

Format: External link, PDFs

AI and Culture Citizen Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Computer Scientist Public Authority SSH Researcher

Module C: Historical perspective – Trust

This section examines how people develop trust – or distrust – in knowledge technologies. This section considers three main aspects.

Effect of Technology: Disinformation & Misinformation, Inclusion/Exclusion, Individuals, Legitimacy

Democratic values: Transparency, Trust

AI and Culture Citizen Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Computer Scientist Public Authority SSH Researcher

Module C: Historical perspective – Creativity

This section analyses how different knowledge technologies impact people’s creativity. Here creativity is intended as the ability to express themselves in a way that is both truthful to what they feel and believe, as well as the power to experiment with artistic creation.

Effect of Technology: Agency, Culture, Epistemic effect, Individuals

Democratic values: Participation, Pluralism

Format: External link, PDFs

AI and Culture Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner SSH Researcher

Module C: Historical perspective – Introduction, literature review, and rationale

Module C of the Toolkit has two primary objectives: First, to understand AI and big data within the context of a long history of interactions between technological affordances and cultural norms, values, and practices. This recognises that knowledge technologies—such as written language, the printing press, television, radio, etc.—have shaped culture and knowledge production. The relationship between technology and culture is fundamentally mutual and reciprocal. Second, building upon the first objective, Module C focuses on the particular definition of AI and big data as advanced knowledge technologies (AKTs). We analyse the past in this module to better understand the present and—potentially—to anticipate what may lie ahead.

Effect of Technology: Culture, Democracy, Individuals, Society

Format: External link, PDFs

AI and Awareness AI and Culture Critical Digital Citizenship Ethics and Trust in AI Freedom and Manipulation Citizen Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Public Authority SSH Researcher

Deepfake Explainer

This interactive explainer introduces the concept of AI-generated deepfake images and provides clues to help the user understand how and why they are created.

Effect of Technology: Agency, Autonomy, Bias, Culture, Disinformation & Misinformation, Epistemic effect, Inclusion/Exclusion, Individuals, Law, Legitimacy, Opacity, Polarisation, Privacy, Society

Democratic values: Accountability, Pluralism, Rule of Law, Trust

Format: External link

Algorithmic Accountability Critical Digital Citizenship Freedom and Manipulation Personal Data and User Profiling Citizen Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Industry Public Authority SSH Researcher

Recommendation Algorithms Explainer

The Recommendation Algorithms explainer aims to demonstrate how algorithms work on social media platforms. It allows the users to simulate their experience on a social media platform, where their choices shape a personalised feed.

Effect of Technology: Autonomy, Bias, Concentration of Power, Culture, Epistemic effect, Inclusion/Exclusion, Individuals, Legitimacy, Opacity, Polarisation, Society, Surveillance

Democratic values: Accountability, Fairness, Pluralism, Transparency, Trust

Format: External link

AI and Awareness AI and Culture Ethics and Trust in AI Freedom and Manipulation Inclusive Digital Democracy Citizen Civil Society & Democracy Practitioner Public Authority SSH Researcher

Serious Game - Empower Your Digital Decisions

This section presents the KT4D serious game, an interactive tool to engage players with ethical dilemmas surrounding advanced knowledge technologies.

Effect of Technology: Agency, Bias, Concentration of Power, Culture, Democracy, Disinformation & Misinformation, Inclusion/Exclusion, Legitimacy, Polarisation

Democratic values: Accountability, Fairness, Participation, Pluralism, Trust

Format: External link

AI and Culture Algorithmic Accountability Ethics and Trust in AI Computer Scientist

Interactive Digital Narrative

Gamified tool designed to address the social and cultural implications of AI development.

Effect of Technology: Bias, Culture, Disinformation & Misinformation, Epistemic effect, Inclusion/Exclusion, Polarisation, Society

Democratic values: Fairness, Pluralism, Trust

Format: External link

Freedom and Manipulation Inclusive Digital Democracy Personal Data and User Profiling Public Authority

Framework for Democratic AI Governance: Roadmap and recommendations for European policymakers

This policy brief focuses on short-term action (2026-2028) around AI governance and provides practical guidelines for experts and policymakers. It introduces a framework that embeds democratic pillars — participation, freedom, equality, transparency, knowledge, and the rule of law — directly into the entire AI lifecycle.

Effect of Technology: Bias, Democracy, Disinformation & Misinformation, Epistemic effect, Inclusion/Exclusion, Law, Legitimacy, Opacity, Polarisation, Surveillance

Democratic values: Equality, Fairness, Participation, Rule of Law, Transparency, Trust

Format: External link