The current EU approach to AI regulation faces several challenges and limitations that need to be addressed. One of the main issues is to what degree product legislation approach is fit for mitigating more systematic and democratic risks of AI systems and the lack of resources for regulatory and enforcement agencies. Another challenge is the compatibility of the EU approach with the collective bargaining and co-determination models that are prevalent in some member states.

There are both instrumental and intrinsic reasons to value democracy. In short, democracy is valuable instrumentally because: 

(1) democracy can assist us in producing laws and policies that protect the rights and interests of citizens, 

(2) democracy more often than other systems produces the right laws and policies (there are epistemic benefits to democratic decision-making), and 

(3) democracy can improve the people in it through increased autonomy and knowledge (Christiano and Bajaj, 2022).